Earthquake Hazards And Effects
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6 pages in length. Of all the devastating natural disasters to impact mankind, earthquakes are perhaps the most detrimental due to their unannounced presence. Unlike tornadoes or fires that can be detected in advance – albeit with short notice – earthquakes provide no warning device; when they strike, they do so with a vengeance and without notice. As such, effects from earthquake activity (shaking ground) and subsequent consequences resulting from the violent movement (ground failure, tsunamis) present a number of unfavorable circumstances for those within the reach of the fault line. Thankfully, the combination of technological advancement and the implementation of hazard mitigation plans has given seismologists the ability to forewarn and prepare the public if only enough to take cover before disaster strikes. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCEarthQ.rtf

Earthquakes From Northridge and Whittier, Lessons to be Learned
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This 14-page-paper discusses the Northridge and the Whittier Narrows Earthquakes. It opens with a general discussion on earthquakes and their history. It moves into detailed discussions on the Northridge and Whittier Narrows quakes and then discusses the precautions one can take to stay safe when one hits. Bibliography lists 14 sources.
Filename: CWearthq.wps

Earthquakes & The New Madrid Fault
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An 8 page research paper that examines the most dangerous geological feature of the North American heartland. While most Americans think of California whenever the topic of earthquakes comes up, the residents of New Madrid, Missouri suffered through the worst series of quakes in the known history of North America during an eight-week period in the winter of 1811 to 1812. The three principal shocks have been determined to have had a magnitude of 8.0 or higher. Additionally, ten of the aftershocks reached or exceeded a magnitude of 6.0, and at least three may have reached 7.0. Scientists now believe that eyewitness stories of the Mississippi flowing backward, and waterfalls on the Mississippi are true. The writer discusses what is now known about what happened during this dramatic eight-week period. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: Madridf.wps

Earthquakes / A Comprehensive Discussion
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A 9 page paper on earthquakes in which the writer explains their different classifications, the role of various seismic wave patterns & types, etc; Also discussed are causes, reasons for geographical distribution, and the effects of earthquakes at different proximities beginning with the meizoseismal area (most damaged region). A final section looks at some experimental and theoretical grounds for predicting earthquakes. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: Quakes.wps

Earthquakes and Volcanoes
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A 5 page paper which provides an overview of various types of earthquakes. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAerqu.rtf

Earthquakes in New Jersey
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The possibility of earthquakes occurring in the New Jersey area is addressed in this 5 page paper. The history of quakes in the geographic location as well as a discussion on current seismologic theory is included. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Eqnj.wps

Earthquakes In New York
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The possibility of a major earthquake occurring in the New York area is addressed in this 7 page paper. The history of quakes in the area as well as a discussion on fault lines existing in the state's region is examined. A general discussion on the ineffectiveness of current seismological equipment is also included. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Earthny.wps

Earthquakes: San Francisco and Others
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A 5 page paper which discusses various aspects of the San Francisco earthquake of 1906. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAsanfranqk.wps

Ecology of Ohio
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This 4 page paper paper examines some of the plants, animals and organisms found in the region. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: HVEcolOH.rtf

Ecology of the Coral Reefs in the Hawaiian Islands
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This is an 8 page paper discussing the ecology of the Hawaiian coral reefs. The Hawaiian Islands stretch for over 2,300 kilometers and also contain what are considered unique coral reefs because they are geologically younger than many other coral reefs, have no barrier reefs among the windward islands, and are also less diverse than many other coral reef ecosystems in the Pacific. Despite this however, the Hawaiian coral reefs ecology, divided into four zones based on the depth and distance from the shore, does have a diverse assortment of corals, plant life, invertebrates and fishes among larger species which live among the reefs. The ecology of the coral reefs in Hawaii is divided up into the reef flat zone (0-2 m from shore) which is most affected by terrestrial run-off and heavy wave impact; the reef bench zone (2-10 m) which has the largest diversity of coral, fish, invertebrate and plant species, the reef slope zone (10-30 m) in which finger coral is the dominant coral species; and the rubble zone (30-40 m) which is primarily coral fragments, rock and sand which provides a habitat for lobe and finger corals as well as sea cucumbers and an assortment of fish. Coral reefs in Hawaii provide a vast amount of revenue for the area at well over $250 million annually in the areas of commercial and recreational fishing and tourism. Like many of the coral reefs around the world however, the coral reefs in Hawaii are being damaged by a combination of natural and manmade events. Industrial, nutrient and fresh-water run-off kills the coral closest to the shore and allows for the spread of coral-killing algae after which recovery of the reef takes a great deal of time. In addition, increase in global water temperatures has led to coral bleaching which in some areas the reefs show little sign of recovery. Includes one page abstract. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TJHwcor1.rtf

Ecosystems: North and South.
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(5 pp). As we move into a new century we become more aware of how hard we were on the planet in the last one hundred years. This discussion examines the general criteria of an ecosystem, and then illustrates what an ecosystem is be describing one on a north facing slope and one on a south facing slope. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BBecoNS.doc

EL NINO AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
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This 5-page papers examines the El Nino event of 1997-1998, its causes and its impact on the environment.
Filename: MTelnino.rtf