A “Smart” Cell Phone Antenna
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A 6 page paper discussing the development and use of the “smart” antenna as a method of reducing the level of radiation exposure resulting from cellular telephone use. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: KSeeCellAnt.rtf

Aaron Antonovsky/Unraveling the mystery of health
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A 5 page analysis of Aaron Antonovsky's book Unraveling the Mystery of Health: how people manage stress and stay well. In this book, Antonovsky presents an alternative way of looking at health, which instead of emphasizing the origins of disease, takes a different stance, and focuses on how health can be maintained. No additional sources cited.
Filename: 99antsky.rtf

Absolute Zero
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This 5 page paper focuses on the concept of absolute zero but explains other principles of thermodynamics. The reason why absolute zero can never be achieved is included as well as a look at implications for the future. How close scientists have been able to come to achieving the coldest temperature on Earth is discussed. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA1420.rtf

Acid Rain: Impacts to Soil and Water
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A 6 page discussion of the impacts of acid rain. This paper details the chemical impacts to soil and water as well as to the physiological function of biological organisms. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPacidRC.rtf

Acid Tolerance in Streptococcus mutans
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A 14 page discussion of the physiological mechanism employed by this species of oral bacteria which allow it to exist in the rapidly fluctuating pH levels of the human mouth. The author details how the cellular membrane of the organism is critical in this process, selectively allowing protons to pass out of the cell and preventing them from passing into the cell. This ability allows S. mutans a selective advantage. Acidogenicity (the ability to generate acid) and acidurance (the ability to function in an acidic environment) are the primary physiological traits of this organism which make it such an important factor in the production of dental caries as well. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPstrept.rtf

Acritarch Radiation in The Neoproterozoic
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This page paper looks at the evolution of the acritarch as evidenced by the fossil record and seeks to explain the sudden changes that took place over a period of fifteen million years during the Neoproterozoic, which long lasting implications into the Cambrian period. The bibliography cites 6 sources.
Filename: TEacritar.rtf

Action And Physical Properties Of Magma
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An 8 page paper discussing the origin, movement and physical attributes of the substance that is known as lava once it exits its volcano. Formed under intense heat (up to 4300C) and pressure, magma has no choice but to rise. The absolute chemical composition varies according to location on the earth's surface, and chemical changes in the magma as it moves toward the surface opening it seeks can span a range of changes as minerals are precipitated out of the magma and sink downward through it again. Regrettably, old mudflows of prior eruptions appear to many to be good homesites as builders populate the paths of former mudflow channels with homes in the shadow of still-active volcanoes. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: Magma.wps

Activation of Auditory Cortex During Silent Lipreading
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A 2 1/2 page paper which discusses various aspects of the article "Activation of the Auditory Cortex During Silent Lipreading" by Gemma A. Calvert, Edward T. Bullmore, Michael J. Brammer, Ruth Campbell, Steven C. R. Williams, Philip K. McGuire, Peter W. R. Woodruff, Susan D. Iverson, and Anthony S. David. The paper analyzes the argument, the evidence, and the reasoning presented in the research article. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAliprfax.wps

Active Volcanoes On The Planet Venus
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A 2 page paper on findings from the early 1990's which show a number of geologic activities on the Earth's "twin" planet Venus,-- including live volcanoes and dramatic faulting. It is concluded that while the "case" of active volcanoes on Venus has not yet been entirely settled, there is indeed plenty of room for future research. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: Venusact.wps

Adarand v. Pena
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This 8 page paper provides an overview of the Supreme Court case of Adarand v. Pena. The case of Adarand v. Pena (1995) underscores some of the central arguments both for and against affirmative action initiatives, and provides some insight into the conflicts that have arisen from seeking affirmative action initiatives in particular situations. This case also suggests the underlying reasons for changes in affirmative action policies in recent years. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MHAdaran.rtf

Advanced Machining Processes
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A 6 page overview of several types of advanced machining processes, approaches that use non-traditional machining tools for non-traditional machining needs. Types of advanced processes briefly discussed include chemical and electrochemical machining; electrochemical grinding; electrical-discharge machining; laser-beam machining; electron machining; water-jet machining; and abrasive-jet machining. The paper also discusses the economics of these advanced machining processes. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: KSmachinProc.rtf

Advances in GIS; The Literature of Paul A Longley
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This 8 page paper is a review of some of the publications by Paul Longley, who is a geographer that has contributed to the development of GIS. The bibliography cites 3 sources.
Filename: TEgispal.wps