Freedom Of Contract
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A 5 page paper. Freedom of contract is a principle with a long history, dating back to the 19th century. This paper provides a brief historical overview of how this principle came into existence and discusses the meaning of this principle. The writer also discusses the negative effects of this principle. There is a focus on Australia. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGfrecon.wps

Hart's Contribution to Legal Positivism
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This 5 page paper provides an overview of legal positivism as first delineated by John Austin. Hart's contribution to the philosophy is explored. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA201pos.rtf

HEMMINGWAY AND "IN OUR TIME"
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This 4-page paper discusses the major themes of Ernest Hemingway's collection of short stories, "In Our Time." The main stories focused on include "Indian Camp," "Cat in the Rain," "The Big-Hearted River," and "The End of Things." Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: MThemlit.rtf

Hobbes +Social Contract +Locke.
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(7pp) The fundamental basis for government and law in this system is the concept of the social contract, according to which human beings begin as individuals in a state of nature, and create a society by establishing a contract whereby they agree to live together in harmony for their mutual benefit, after which they are said to live in a state of society. This contract involves the retaining of certain natural rights, an acceptance of restrictions of certain liberties, the assumption of certain duties, and the pooling of certain powers to be exercised collectively. So the use of a social contract is a give and take negotiation -usually. Bibliography lists 4 sources. BBsoccon.doc
Filename: BBsoccon.doc

Jewish And American Law: Comparison
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10 pages in length. American attitudes toward law were crucially shaped by the American Revolution, Constitutionalism and the transplantation of the English Common Law System to its shores. Jewish law also responded over a much longer time span and in many more places to historical influences. In the process, both systems had to face comparable issues, including 1) reasons to obey the law; 2) law and change; and 3) law and morality. While given the same objectives, they often ended up on opposite ends of the legal spectrum. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: TLCJewishLaw.rtf

Judicial Review
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A 10 page paper that begins by defining the term 'judicial review.' The writer then discusses the governments of ancient Greece and Rome and how parts of their systems carried over to later times. The Age of Enlightenment is discussed relative to the political innovations brought about through the writings of Locke, e.g., the social contract theory, and Montesquieu, who proposed three branches of government. The founding fathers of the U.S. were highly influenced by these writers and that influence can be found in the Constitution and the division of the government into three branches. The writer reports the Marbury v Madison case where judicial review was used by Chief Justice Marsahll to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: PGjudrv.rtf

Justinian the Great, Emperor of Byzantium, and Creator of a New Standard for Law
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This 10 page report discusses the Byzantine emperor, Justinian I. Justinian is known for expanding Byzantine rule in the Western world, developing and beautifying the city of Constantinople, and completing the codification of Roman law. It has been due, in great measure, to Justinian I’s efforts and determination that Western civilization and the law governing it have developed in the ways they have. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: BWjustin.rtf

Justinian's Codex
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8 pages in length. Emperor Justinian's Codex iuris of the sixth century evolved as a necessary means by which to regulate society's behavior. What had until then been left up to the whims of each individual to handle on his own was now a product of fair and sensible legal procedure, with Justinian representing the instrumental force behind the eventual cohesiveness that encompassed these monumental changes. It can readily be argued that there was, indeed, a great need for such a show of order, in that there existed no modicum of conformity when it came to the legal process. As the principles of Justinian's Codex continued to be established, they also became an integral component of ancient societies, ultimately impacting the very foundation of Roman law. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TLCcodex.rtf

Kafka's "The Problem with Our Laws"
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A 7 page paper which discusses and analyzes Kafka's "The Problem with Our Laws." Bibliography lists 2 additional sources.
Filename: RAkafkalaw.wps

Law and Government in Precontact Native America
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A 4 page discussion of dichotomy that existed between precontact law and government in Native America and law and government as it was viewed by Europeans. The author contrasts natural law and legal positivism. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPnaLaw.rtf

Laws Of Appalachia: 1820s
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9 pages in length. The presence of law intends to create a more civilized society, one in which citizens can expect social enlightenment to guide their every action. While this may represent the concept of law, it only does so in theory due to the extraordinarily interpretive nature of judicial procedure, a reality that evaporates any semblance of equity to the notion of law. Applying this sentiment to Appalachian laws at the turn of the nineteenth century finds the separation of social classes to be one of the most incriminating elements of fair proceedings; inasmuch as the Celts and the English stood at odds over myriad societal issues, one of the most apparent was that of applying the law in whatever form necessary. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TLCAppal.rtf

Making Laws
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5 pages in length. From the very first law enacted in the United States - Rhode Island's illegalization of slavery in 1652 - to the twenty-first century's quest to eradicate political terrorism, lawmaking has undergone tremendous change that has afforded significantly greater accountability and equity where all groups and individuals are concerned. The passing of myriad laws over the decades has served to align these changes with the quest to establish and maintain a civilized American society. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TLCMakeLaw.rtf